Rebellions and Protest in Wales c.1831–c.1891 WJEC GCSE

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WJEC GCSE Rebellions and Protest in Wales c.1831–c.1891

Written examination: 1 hour 30% of qualification 60 marks 

Unit 1: An in-depth study on Welsh history

Learners will study one of the following six historical topics to undertake an in-depth study that will provide them with an insight into the development of Wales at a specific point in time. Each option will be assessed by compulsory questions. These will focus on
historical knowledge of the topic, second-order historical concepts and the
analysis and evaluation of historical sources and interpretations.

Learners will study one of six historical topics to undertake an in-depth study that will provide them with an insight into the development of Wales at a specific point in time. Learners should be able demonstrate skills of analysis and evaluation when engaging with sources that relate to the selected historical topic and historical interpretations that encompass contrasting views of events and people.

Learners should also be able to apply their knowledge and understanding of the following
historical concepts in the context of their chosen historical topic:
• continuity and change
• similarity and difference
• significance and impact
• cause and consequence.

Modern

Rebellions and Protest in Wales c.1831–c.1891

In this topic learners will gain knowledge and understanding in the following areas:

1.5.1 The Merthyr Rising, 1831
1.5.2 The Rebecca Riots, 1839–1843
1.5.3 Chartism in Wales
1.5.4 The Blue Books of 1847 and their impact in Wales
1.5.5 The Tithe War in Northeast Wales, 1886–1891

with the aim of developing their understanding of the nature of protest in Wales across the
period from c.1831 to c.1891.

Content and Amplification

Background: Change and discontent in the early nineteenth century

Learners should be aware of:

  • the economy and society of Wales in the early nineteenth century, demographic change and similarities and differences between rural and industrial areas
  • the reasons for radicalism and discontent in Wales, strikes, protests and wider demands for political reform in the United Kingdom

1.5.1 The Merthyr Rising, 1831

  • The causes of the rising, including:
    • the attitudes and actions of ironmasters, including the Crawshays of Cyfarthfa
    • the living and working conditions of the people of Merthyr Tydfil
  • The events of the rising, including:
    • radicalism and the forming of a political union
    • protests at the Court of Requests, Castle Inn and Penydarren House
  • The consequences of the rising, including:
    • the actions of the authorities and ironmasters in Merthyr
    • the treatment of rioters, including Dic Penderyn.

1.5.2 The Rebecca Riots, 1839–1843

  • The reasons for the Rebecca Riots, including:
    • the nature of land ownership in west and mid-Wales
    • problems for rural communities including tithes and Tollgates
  • The events of the Rebecca Riots, including:
    • the attack on the gates at Efailwen, 1839
    • the Carmarthen Workhouse breakout, 1843
  • The consequences of the Rebecca Riots, including:
    • how the authorities responded to the riots
    • the Commission of Enquiry and its effects.

1.5.3 Chartism in Wales

  • Why there was demand for reform in Wales in the 1830s, including:
    • levels of unemployment and the impact of the 1834 Poor Law
    • radicalism and the outcomes of the Great Reform Act, 1832
  • The development of the Chartist movement, including:
    • the People’s Charter and the three Chartist petitions
    • debates between leaders Feargus O’Connor and William Lovett
  • The impact of Chartism, including:
    • the Newport Rising, 1839
    • the short-term failures and long-term successes of Chartism

1.5.4 The Blue Books of 1847 and their impact in Wales

  • The reasons for the Inquiry into the State of Education in Wales, including:
    • the state of education in Wales in the 1830s and 1840s
    • concerns about social unrest in Wales in the 1830s and 1840s
  • The findings of the Inquiry into the State of Education in Wales, including:
    • the roles of Ralph Wheeler Lingen, Jellinger Symons and Henry Johnson in producing the 1847 Blue Book reports
    • criticisms of education in Wales including the use of the Welsh language, levels of participation and religious practices
  • The impact of the Report of the Commissioners of the Inquiry into the State of Education in Wales, including:
    • its impact on education in Wales, including the Welsh Not
    • Welsh responses to it, including the 1854 play Brad y Llyfrau Gleision

1.5.5 The Tithe War in Northeast Wales, 1886–1891

  • The reasons for the Tithe War in Northeast Wales, including:
    • the burden on tenants of paying tithes, the power of the landlords and the threat of evictions
    • the fall in prices for livestock in the 1880s
  • The main events of the Tithe War, including
    • the formation of the Anti-Tithe League in Llanarmon-yn-Iâl
    • disturbances in support of farmers including those at Mochdre and Llangwm
  • The consequences of the Tithe War, including:
    • the treatment of those who refused to pay tithes or who were involved in disturbances
    • the attempts to solve the tithe problem with the 1891 Tithe Act and the Welsh Land Commission.

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